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The Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front (Malay: ''Fron Sosialis Rakyat Malaya'') or better known as Socialist Front (SF) was a left-wing coalition of Malaysian socialist parties. It is noted as the longest standing opposition coalition in Malaysian general election history (11 years).The coalition were formed by Partai Rakyat (PR) and Parti Buruh Malaya (PBM) on Hari Merdeka.〔Penang Story: (Facing Up to Storm Clouds : The Labour Party of Malaya, Penang Division, 1963 – 1969 )〕〔R.K Vasil, (1971) ''Politics in a Plural Society :A Study of Non-Communal Political Parties in West Malaysia'', p185 ISBN 978-0-19-638127-5〕 In 1964, National Convention Party (NCP) joined the coalition.〔Rahman, (1997) ''Pemikiran Islam di Malaysia: sejarah dan aliran'', p130 ISBN 978-9795614302〕PR to left the coalition on 1965 and NCP soon become inactive. PBM, the only remaining party in SF, abandoned it on 10 January 1966 and reverted to its own banner.It took 21 years before another opposition coalition formed in Malaysian political scene which were Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah (APU) and Gagasan Rakyat (GR) in 1990. ==History== The coalition were formed on Hari Merdeka by Partai Rakyat (PR),representing Malay leftist and Parti Buruh Malaya (PBM), representing mainly Chinese leftists.The first chairman was Ahmad Boestamam, the PR president. In 1959 General Elections, the Socialist Front (SF) managed to gain 8 seats in Selangor, Johor, and Penang constituencies. It gained 34.6% of the popular vote cast in the constituencies.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CHARLES HECTOR: Labour Party of Malaya - the Socialist Front - the threat removed through ISA and DWT laws, and ... )〕 SF as a whole successfully garnering 13% of the votes becoming the third largest party in Parliament after the Alliance and the Pan Malaysian Islamic Party (PMIP). The Socialist Front managed to gain 13 out of 14 seats in George Town, Penang during the 1961 Local Elections.〔 The SF was further strengthened when the former Minister of Agriculture, Aziz Ishak, brought his National Convention Party into the coalition.Ahmad Boestamam resigned as SF chairman in 1961 to concentrate on leading PR. In 1963, shortly after the events of the Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation, the government has taken action against several opposition politicians and activists. SF was seen as pro-Indonesia and pro-China,〔Maidin, (2004), ''The Unsung Heroes'', p120 ISBN 9676115827〕 causing the Socialist Front leader was arrested.Among those detained and arrested was Ahmad Boestamam (PR president), Ishak Haji Muhammad (PBM president), Abdul Aziz Ishak (Gerakan Angkatan Melayu Sedar president) and Datuk Kampo Radjo (later to become president of the PRM), Tan Kai Hee, Tan Hock Hin, Dr. Rajakumar, Hasnul Hadi, Tajuddin Kahar and hundreds of others.Rallies and mass demonstrations were held on February 13, 1965 in Kuala Lumpur in conjunction with the second anniversary of the detention of Ahmad Boestamam and others to oppose the mass arrests of activists and leaders of the SF under the Internal Security Act (ISA) and the alleged involvement activities "subversion".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Sadar Amoi: Sejarah Malaysia yang kita jarang dengar Part 3 )〕 In 1964 General Elections,the Socialist Front lost 6 seats and managed to maintain 2 seats.PR and the NCP failed to gain any seats at all and the PBM lost significant number of seats.〔Weiss, Meredith Leigh (2005). Protest and Possibilities: Civil Society and Coalitions for Political Change in Malaysia. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press. p. 324. ISBN 0-8047-5295-8.〕 Cancellation of local government elections in 1965 after the declaration of Emergency in 1964 because of continued confrontation,weaken the impact of SF. Dispute between two party lead PR to left the coalition on 1965 and NCP soon become inactive. PBM, the only party in SF that held seats, abandoned it on 10 January 1966 and reverted to its own banner.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Malayan People's Socialist Front )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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